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GBMT-12 · Research record · No. 12

Phase 0 Findings — GBMT-12 (Disability / SSDI–SSI)

disability/docs/phase0-findings.md
This is a working research document from the disability filing, published as written — including the parts later corrected. It is the underlying record for Whitepaper No. 12, not a summary of it.

Date: 2026-08-11 Scope: the protocol's starred anchors (1–8), with anchor 4 / KC1 first; §1 baseline skeleton (SSDI ≠ SSI; concurrent caution); stage-resolved adjudication for the verification year; GBMT-11 seam (diagnostic awards + stock); Ticket and BOND evaluation PDFs located. This is a gate pass, not a scorecard or a whitepaper. It changes no site page.

Verdict: GO — KC1 fires; KC2 and KC3 do not

The desk wager survives the cheap tests that can kill it.

  1. KC1 fires. The circulating integrity figure is an improper-payment rate from SSA stewardship reviews of non-medical eligibility factors — not an intentional-fraud series. FY2023 SSI improper payments were 10.62% of outlays (~6.5B); OASDIcombinedwas  * *0.304.1B). Leading SSI causes in the Agency Financial Report are financial accounts, wages, and in-kind support and maintenance — reporting/complexity/status change, not a published intentional-fraud breakout at those magnitudes. Under the protocol, that mislabel is the filing's measurement headline: every architecture scored on O1 inherits a band, not a point.
  2. KC2 does not fire. Initial vs. hearing waits and allowance rates are stage-resolvable from public SSA publications for FY2024 (initial allow 38%; hearing allow 51%; initial APT 231 days; hearing APT 342 days annual average — above SSA's 270-day goal).
  3. KC3 does not fire for 1619(b). Take-up is published: 108,825 section 1619(b) participants aged 18–64 in December 2023 — 2.6% of blind and disabled SSI recipients in that age band. Ticket participation denominators live in the SSA-commissioned evaluation series; §5 still owes a clean eligible-pool fraction for H4's Ticket leg.
  4. Anchor 5 is corrected hard (GBMT-11 seam). Mental disorders are 12.7% of 2023 disabled-worker awards, not 25–35%. Disabled-worker stock in December 2023 is a different construct: depressive/bipolar 12.4% + intellectual 3.8% + all other mental 12.4%28.6%. SSI under-65 mental share is larger still (agency highlight: six of ten). Do not reintroduce the false one-third-of-awards prior.

No kill condition stops the filing. KC1 reframes it: measurement honesty and adjudication/cliff workstreams stay load-bearing; fraud-first architectures enter demoted pending a clean intentional-fraud series (KC4 re-rank path).

1. Definitions locked (SSDI ≠ SSI; improper ≠ fraud)

Band rule for this filing: SSDI and SSI are never interchangeable in a scorecard cell. Awards ≠ stock. Improper ≠ fraud. Hearing allowance ≠ initial allowance.

2. Gate results by starred anchor

# Protocol prior Phase 0 result Confidence / source type Effect
1 ★ SSDI workers ≈ 7.5–8.5M; SSI disabled ≈ 6–7M Recent-year rolls; do not sum casually Mostly holds with construct locks. Dec 2023: disabled workers 7,365,987; all DI disabled beneficiaries 8,709,006. SSI total 7,425,331; blind and disabled 6,264,542; aged 18–64 SSI (all categories) 4,039,319. Concurrent aged 18–64 on both programs 949,971. Worker count sits just below the prior's 7.5M floor. Strong — SSA ASIDI / SSI ASR / SSI-by-state. Carry Dec 2023 figures; forbid casual SSDI+SSI sums.
2 ★ Initial DDS allow ≈ 30–40%; hearing higher Outcomes / workload Verified (FY2024). Initial allow 38% (deny 62%) on 2,086,885 decisions; reconsideration 16%; ALJ hearing allow 51% (dismiss 33%, deny 16%) on 289,492 hearings. SAOR state table: national initial 38.3%. Strong — SSA ODSSI workload PDF + SAOR. H7's "initial <40%" leg is live. H2 adjudication flagship stays.
3 ★ ALJ wait hundreds of days Hearing workload / GAO Verified. FY2024 annual average hearing processing time 342 days (FY2023 450); pending hearings ~262k (down 19% YoY). Still above SSA goal of 270 days. Initial APT 231 days (up from 218). Stage-resolved → KC2 does not fire. Strong — SSA OIG major-management challenges FY2024; SSA budget APM. H2's wait leg supported for multi-year span above goal.
4 ★ IP mid/high single digits or low teens; mostly not intentional fraud AFR / PaymentAccuracy / OIG Verified; KC1 fires. FY2023 SSI IP 10.62% (OP 9.18% / UP 1.44%); OASDI combined IP ~0.30%. Causes: SSI — financial accounts, wages, ISM; OASDI — relationship/dependency, SGA, computations. Stewardship reviews are non-medical. No AFR table equates these rates to intentional fraud. Strong — SSA FY2024 AFR Other Reporting Requirements; OIG PIIA. Measurement headline. Fraud-first architectures demoted pending KC4.
5 ★ Mental disorders ≈ 25–35% of working-age SSDI awards ASIDI diagnostic tables Corrected (seam with GBMT-11). 2023 disabled-worker awards: mental disorders 12.7% (musculoskeletal 34.0%, neoplasms 13.6%). Dec 2023 disabled-worker stock: mental categories sum ≈ 28.6%. SSI under-65: agency profile says six of ten have a mental disorder diagnosis — a different program and denominator. Strong on awards and worker stock; SSI "6/10" is highlight-level pending table archive in §8. Prior awards band is false. H8 award-share threshold (≥25%) fails on awards; stock/SSI legs remain live.
6 ★ Ticket employment effects small at population scale Mathematica / SSA TTW evals Supported. SSA Social Security Bulletin synthesis of the Mathematica evaluation: intent-to-treat effects on benefit exit for work are null or undetectable at population scale; service enrollment rises, employment/exit impacts do not. Mamun & Page (2014): substantial service-enrollment impacts, no consistent months-without-benefits impacts. Strong on published evaluation consensus; exact <2pp employment bar for H5 still needs §5 table pull. H5 stays live; Ticket redesign architectures enter with small effect sizes.
7 ★ 1619(b) small fraction of working-age SSI SSI ASR; Red Book Verified. Dec 2023: 108,825 1619(b) participants aged 18–64 = 2.6% of 4,148,143 blind/disabled recipients 18–64. All-ages 1619(b) 116,684. Working blind/disabled (incl. 1619) 5.1% of blind/disabled. Strong — SSI ASR Tables 40, 43. H4 take-up leg supported; KC3 does not fire for 1619(b).
8 ★ Age-adjusted SSDI incidence declined/flattened after mid-2010s peak ORES / actuarial Verified. Trustees Report Fig. V.C3 age-sex-adjusted incidence: peak 6.4 per thousand exposed in 20104.0 (2019) → 2.9 (2022–23) → 3.3 (2024). Sustained post-peak decline, not a mystery surge. Strong — 2025 Trustees Report data table. H1's recent-decade leg supported; growth narrative must use adjusted incidence, not raw rolls.

3. Baseline skeleton — non-substitutions

  1. SSDI ≠ SSI. Mixing unlabeled "disability rolls" is a discourse finding, not a baseline.
  2. Do not sum casually. Concurrent dual entitlement (~0.95M aged 18–64) means SSDI workers + SSI blind/disabled double-counts.
  3. Improper ≠ fraud. Citing the SSI 10.62% IP rate as a fraud rate fails the record. OIG CDI/prosecution counts are a different object (anchor 10 / H7 — workstream).
  4. Awards ≠ stock ≠ SSI diagnosis share. 12.7% / ~28.6% / ~60% under-65 SSI are three true statements about three constructs. The false prior glued them into "one-third of awards."
  5. Initial ≠ hearing allowance. 38% vs 51% is selection through denial and appeal, not proof that ALJs are "soft" without case-mix controls (H2).
  6. Incidence ≠ prevalence. Age-sex-adjusted awards per thousand exposed fell after 2010 even while absolute beneficiary stocks remained large.

4. Kill / re-rank triggers after this gate

Trigger Status after Phase 0 Filing consequence
KC1 — integrity debate on mislabeled / unmeasured fraud number Fires Whitepaper leads with measurement honesty; O1 cells carry bands; demote fraud-theater architectures.
KC2 — backlog not stage-resolvable Does not fire §2 can score O2 quantitatively on FY2024 stage data.
KC3 — work-incentive take-up unpublished Does not fire for 1619(b); Ticket eligible-pool fraction still to tighten in §5 O4 can use 1619(b) 2.6% as the published cliff-take-up anchor.
KC4 — clean intentional-fraud series at circulating magnitude Does not fire Integrity stays secondary to adjudication + cliffs unless §3 finds a separable fraud series.
H7 early support (initial <40%; waits; CDRs vs prosecutions) Partial — (a) holds at 38%; (b)/(c) untested Steelman stays equal-effort in §7; CDR vs prosecution count still owed.

5. Prospective follow-up (not done here)

Item Why it matters Owner
Separable intentional-fraud $ or person counts vs IP dollars Completes H3 / KC4 path §3
ALJ allowance variance after case-mix controls Completes H2 §2
Ticket eligible-pool participation % and <2pp employment table extract Completes H5 bar §5
BOND Stage 1/2 earnings nulls in one citation block Cliff redesign scorecard §4 / §5
CDR cessation person-counts vs OIG fraud prosecutions H7 (c) §7
SSI under-65 mental-disorder table (not just highlight) GBMT-11 seam stock §8
Child SSI caseload (~1M prior) verification H6 §6
Representative-payee share among mental-disorder beneficiaries Seam with GBMT-11 §8

Freeze

Protocol at docs/research-inquiry.md is the commitment as of Phase 0 start (2026-08-11). Anchor table verified values above supersede the unverified priors for anchors 1–8. Deviations logged in research/deviations-log.md.

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